Several 3D printing processes have been invented since the late 1970s. Some printers are large enough to fabricate buildings whilst others tend to micro and nanoscale sized objects and in general many different technologies can be exploited to physically produce the designed objects. Some lend themselves better toward industry use (in this case the term Additive Manufacturing is preferred) whereas others make 3D printing accessible to the average consumer. The variety of processes and equipment allows for numerous uses by amateurs and professionals alike. These usually involve aspects such as speed, costs, versatility with respect to feedstock material, geometrical limitations and tolerances, as well as a mechanical and appearance properties of the products such as strength, texture and color. There are many different 3D printing processes, that can be grouped into seven categories: Įach process and piece of equipment has pros and cons associated with it. 3.4 Microscale and nanoscale 3D printing.2.9.1 Powder-fed directed-energy deposition.
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